In Ford Thunderbird vehicles, the Voltage Regulator has the specific function of preventing the output voltage of the alternator to go beyond the recommended range of 13.5 to 14.5 volts to safeguard the battery and the vehicles electrical system. This is for a purpose of regulating battery voltage and monitoring the system demand, the control circuit regulates the field current to the rotor of the alternator. When the battery is weak or needs charging the regulator causes current to flow in the field, when the battery is fully charged the current flow is reduced to avoid overcharging. Originally Thunderbirds used mechanical voltage regulators which mounted externally and employed coils and contact points but they were infamous for wearing off and failure. These were replaced in the long run by electronic, solid-state voltage regulators which are even more effective as they switch on and off about 7000 times than the mechanical types which switch 200 times. Contemporary Thunderbirds have in-built voltage regulators that are part of the alternator or use the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) to regulate voltage, with several inputs employed for this purpose.
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