The Voltage Regulator in Mercury Cougar vehicles' main function is to regulate the output voltage of the alternator as not to harm the battery as it should only range from 13.5 to 14.5 volts. This is done by observing the battery voltage in addition to the system demand; consequently, the field current to the rotor of the alternator is controlled. When the battery is low and needs charging, the regulator draws large amounts of field current; but when the battery is fully charged, the regulator draws a small amount of current to avoid over-charging the battery. Pre-1974 Mercury Cougar cars employed mechanical, externally mounted voltage regulators; these came with coils and contact points but were relatively problematic especially when they developed pitting and sticking. It was replaced by electronic, solid-state voltage regulators which produce higher efficiency, work in pulse on/off 6000-7000 times per second rather 200 times for mechanical types. In due course, external regulators were incorporated into the alternator, while the latest cars harness PCM to control voltage, with other aspects as necessary.
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